נוסחאון במיקרו בקר 8051 לכיתה י"ג נוסחאון בשפת ASM 51 מקום למדבקת נבחן אין להעביר את הנוסחאון לנבחן אחר המשך בעמוד 2

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1 מדינת ישראל סוג הבחינה: גמר לבתי ספר לטכנאים ולהנדסאים נוסחאון במיקרו בקר 8051 משרד החינוך מועד הבחינה: אביב תשע"א, 2011 נספח לשאלונים: , אין להעביר את הנוסחאון לנבחן אחר מקום למדבקת נבחן ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS לכיתה י"ג )15 עמודים( נוסחאון בשפת ASM 51 DATA TRANSFER (cont.) Mnemonic Description Byte Cyc Mnemonic Description Byte Cyc ADD A,Rn Add register to Accumulator 1 1 MOVC A,@A+DPTR Move Code byte relative to DPTR to A 1 2 ADD A,direct Add direct byte to Accumulator 2 1 MOVC A,@A+PC Move Code byte relative to PC to A 1 2 ADD A,@Ri Add indirect RAM to Accumulator 1 1 MOVX A,@Ri Move External RAM (8-bit addr) to A 1 2 ADD A,#data Add immediate data to Accumulator 2 1 MOVX A,@DPTR Move External RAM (16-bit addr) to A 1 2 ADDC A,Rn Add register to Accumulator with Carry 1 1 Move A to External RAM (8-bit addr) 1 2 ADDC A,direct Add direct byte to A with Carry flag 2 1 Move A to External RAM (16-bit addr) 1 2 ADDC A,@Ri Add indirect RAM to A with Carry flag 1 1 PUSH direct Push direct byte onto stack 2 2 ADDC A,#data Add immediate data to A with Carry flag 2 1 POP direct Pop direct byte from stack 2 2 SUBB A,Rn Subtract register from A with Borrow 1 1 XCH A,Rn Exchange register with Accumulator 1 1 SUBB A,direct Subtract direct byte from A with Borrow 2 1 XCH A,direct Exchange direct byte with Accumulator 2 1 SUBB A,@Ri Subtract indirect RAM from A w/borrow 1 1 XCH A,@Ri Exchange indirect RAM with A 1 1 SUBB A,#data Subtract immed. data from A w/borrow 2 1 XCHD A,@Ri Exchange low-order Digit ind. RAM w/a 1 1 INC A Increment Accumulator 1 1 INC Rn Increment register 1 1 BOOLEAN VARIABLE MANIPULATION INC direct Increment direct byte 2 1 Increment indirect RAM 1 1 Mnemonic Description Byte Cyc DEC A Decrement Accumulator 1 1 CLR C Clear Carry flag 1 1 DEC Rn Decrement register 1 1 CLR bit Clear direct bit 2 1 DEC direct Decrement direct byte 2 1 SETB C Set Carry flag 1 1 Decrement indirect RAM 1 1 SETB bit Set direct Bit 2 1 INC DPTR Increment Data Pointer 1 2 CPL C Complement Carry flag 1 1 MUL AB Multiply A & B 1 4 CPL bit Complement direct bit 2 1 DIV AB Divide A by B 1 4 ANL C,bit AND direct bit to Carry flag 2 2 DA A Decimal Adjust Accumulator 1 1 ANL C,/bit AND complement of direct bit to Carry 2 2 ORL C,bit OR direct bit to Carry flag 2 2 LOGICAL OPERATION ORL C,/bit OR complement of direct bit to Carry 2 2 MOV C,bit Move direct bit to Carry flag 2 1 Mnemonic Destination Byte Cyc MOV bit,c Move Carry flag to direct bit 2 2 ANL A,Rn AND register to Accumulator 1 1 ANL A,direct AND direct byte to Accumulator 2 1 PROGRAM AND MACHINE CONTROL ANL A,@Ri AND indirect RAM to Accumulator 1 1 ANL A,#data AND immediate data to Accumulator 2 1 Mnemonic Description Byte Cyc ANL direct,a AND Accumulator to direct byte 2 1 ACALL addr11 Absolute Subroutine Call 2 2 ANL direct,#data AND immediate data to direct byte 3 2 LCALL addr16 Long Subroutine Call 3 2 ORL A,Rn OR register to Accumulator 1 1 RET Return from subroutine 1 2 ORL A,direct OR direct byte to Accumulator 2 1 RETI Return from interrupt 1 2 ORL A,@Ri OR indirect RAM to Accumulator 1 1 AJMP addr11 Absolute Jump 2 2 ORL A,#data OR immediate data to Accumulator 2 1 LJMP addr16 Long Jump 3 2 ORL direct,a OR Accumulator to direct byte 2 1 SJMP rel Short Jump (relative addr) 2 2 ORL direct,#data OR immediate data to direct byte 3 2 Jump indirect relative to the DPTR 1 2 XRL A,Rn Exclusive-OR register to Accumulator 1 1 JZ rel Jump if Accumulator is Zero 2 2 XRL A,direct Exclusive-OR direct byte to Accumulator 2 1 JNZ rel Jump if Accumulator is Not Zero 2 2 XRL A,@Ri Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A 1 1 JC rel Jump if Carry flag is set 2 2 XRL A,#data Exclusive-OR immediate data to A 2 1 JNC rel Jump if No Carry flag 2 2 XRL direct,a Exclusive-OR Accumulator to direct byte 2 1 JB bit,rel Jump if direct Bit set 3 2 XRL direct,#data Exclusive-OR immediate data to direct 3 2 JNB bit,rel Jump if direct Bit Not set 3 2 CLR A Clear Accumulator 1 1 JBC bit,rel Jump if direct Bit is set & Clear bit 3 2 CPL A Complement Accumulator 1 1 CJNE A,direct,rel Compare direct to A & Jump if Not Equal 3 2 RL A Rotate Accumulator Left 1 1 CJNE A,#data,rel Comp. immed. to A & Jump if Not Equal 3 2 RLC A Rotate A Left through the Carry flag 1 1 CJNE Rn,#data,rel Comp. immed. to reg & Jump if Not Equal 3 2 RR A Rotate Accumulator Right 1 1 Comp. immed. to ind. & Jump if Not Equal 3 2 RRC A Rotate A Right through Carry flag 1 1 DJNZ Rn,rel Decrement register & Jump if Not Zero 2 2 SWAP A Swap nibbles within the Accumulator 1 1 DJNZ direct,rel Decrement direct & Jump if Not Zero 3 2 NOP No operation 1 1 DATA TRANSFER Notes on data addressing modes: Mnemonic Description Byte Cyc Rn -Working register R0-R7 MOV A,Rn Move register to Accumulator 1 1 direct -128 internal RAM locations, any I/O port, control or status register MOV A,direct Move direct byte to Accumulator 2 -Indirect internal RAM location addressed by register R0 or R1 MOV A,@Ri Move indirect RAM to Accumulator 1 1 #data -8-bit constant included in instruction MOV A,#data Move immediate data to Accumulator 2 1 #data16-16-bit constant included as bytes 2 & 3 of instruction MOV Rn,A Move Accumulator to register 1 1 bit -128 software flags, any I/O pin, control or status bit MOV Rn,direct Move direct byte to register 2 2 MOV Rn,#data Move immediate data to register 2 1 Notes on program addressing modes: MOV direct,a Move Accumulator to direct byte 2 1 addr16 -Destination address for LCALL & LJMP may be anywhere within MOV direct,rn Move register to direct byte 2 2 the 64-Kilobyte program memory address space. MOV direct,direct Move direct byte to direct 3 2 addr11 -Destination address for ACALL & AJMP will be within the same MOV direct,@ri Move indirect RAM to direct byte Kilobyte page of program memory as the first byte of the MOV direct,#data Move immediate data to direct byte 3 2 following instruction. Move Accumulator to indirect RAM 1 1 rel -SJMP and conditional jumps include an 8-bit offset byte. Range is Move direct byte to indirect RAM /-128 bytes relative to first byte of the following instruction. Move immediate data to indirect RAM 2 1 MOV DPTR,#data 16 Load Data Pointer with a 16-bit constant 3 2 המשך בעמוד 2 INSTRUCTIONS THAT AFFECT FLAG SETTINGS' INSTRUCTION FLAG INSTRUCTION FLAG C 0V AC C 0V AC ADD X X X CLR C 0 ADDC X X X CPL C X SUBB X X X ANL C,bit X MUL 0 X ANL C,/bit X DIV 0 X ORL C,bit X DA X ORL C,/bit X RRC X MOV C,bit X RLC X CJNE X SETB C 1

2 - 2 - Special Function Registers P3-Alternate Special Functions of Port 3 (MSB) (LSB) RD WR T1 T0 INT1 INT0 TXD RXD Symbol Position Name and Sig nifi cance RD P3.7 Read data control output. Active low pulse gen erated by hardware when external data memory is read. WR P3.6 Write data control output. Active low pulse gen erated by hardware when ex ter nal data memory is written. T1 P3.5 Timer/counter 1 ex ter nal input or test pin. T0 P3.4 Timer/counter 0 ex ter nal input or test pin. Symbol Position Name and Sig nifi cance INT1 P3.3 In terrupt 1 input pin. Low-level or fallingedge triggered. INT0 P3.2 Interrupt 0 input pin. Low-level or fallingedge triggered. TXD P3.1 Trans mit Data pin for serial port in UART mode. Clock output in shift register mode. RXD P3.0 Receive Data pin for serial port in UART mode. Data I/O pin in shift register mode. המשך בעמוד 3

3 - 3 - TMOD-Timer/Counter Mode Register (MSB) (LSB) GATE C / T M1 M0 GATE C / T M1 M0 TIMER1 TIMER0 M1 M0 Operating Mode 0 0 MCS-48 Timer TLx serves as five bit prescaler bit timer/counter. THx and TLx are cas caded; there is no prescaler. GATE C / T Gating control. When set, Timer/ counter "x" is enabled only while "INTx" pin is high and "TRx" control bit is set. When cleared, timer/counter is enabled whenever "TRx" control bit is set. Timer or Counter Selector. Cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock). Set for Counter operation (input from "Tx" input pin) bit auto-reload timer/ counter. THx holds a value which is to be reloaded into TLx each time it overflows. 1 1 (Timer 0) TL0 is an eight-bit timer/ counter con trolled by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an eight-bit timer only con trolled by Timer 1 control bits. 1 1 (Timer 1) Timer/ counter 1 stopped. המשך בעמוד 4

4 - 4 - TCON-Timer/Counter Control/Status Register (MSB) (LSB) TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 Symbol Position Name and Sig nifi cance Symbol Position Name and Sig nifi cance TF1 TCON.7 Timer 1 overflow Flag. Set by hardware on timer/ counter over flow. Cleared when interrupt proc essed. IE1 TCON.3 Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. TR1 TCON.6 Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn timer/counter on/off. TF0 TCON.5 Timer 0 overflow Flag. Set by hardware on timer/ counter over flow. Cleared when interrupt processed. TR0 TCON.4 Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn timer/counter on/off. IT1 TCON.2 Interrupt 1 Type control software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external in terrupts. IE0 TCON.1 Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. IT0 TCON.0 Interrupt 0 Type control soft ware to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupts. המשך בעמוד 5

5 - 5 - SCON-Serial Port Control/Status Register (MSB) (LSB) SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI Symbol Position Name and Significance SM0 SCON.7 Serial port Mode control bit 0. Set/cleared by software (see note). SM1 SCON.6 Serial port Mode control bit 1. Set/cleared by software (see note). SM2 SCON.5 Serial port Mode control bit 2. Set by software to disable reception of frames for which bit 8 is zero. REN SCON.4 Receiver Enable control software to enable/disable serial data reception. TB8 SCON.3 Transmit Bit 8. Set/ cleared by hardware to determine state of ninth data bit transmitted in 9-bit UART mode. Symbol Position Name and Significance RB8 SCON.2 Receive Bit 8. Set/ cleared by hardware to indicate state of ninth data bit received. TI SCON.1 Transmit Interrupt flag. Set by hardware when byte trans mitted. Cleared by software after servicing. RI SCON.0 Receive Interrupt flag. Set by hardware when byte received. Cleared by software after servicing. Note the state of (SM0, SM1) selects: (0,0) Shift register I/O ex pansion. (0,1) 8 bit UART, variable data rate. (1,0) 9 bit UART, fixed data rate. (1,1) 9 bit UART, variable data rate. המשך בעמוד 6

6 - 6 - IE-Interrupt Enable Register (MSB) (LSB) EA ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 Symbol Position Name and Significance EA IE.7 Enable All control bit. Cleared by software to disable all interrupts, independent of the state of IE.4-IE.0. IE.6 (reserved) IE.5 (reserved) ES IE.4 Enable Serial port control soft ware to enable/disable interrupts from TI or RI flags. ET1 IE.3 Enable Timer 1 control software to enable/disable interrupts from timer/ counter 1. Symbol Position Name and Significance EX1 IE.2 Enable External in terrupt 1 control bit. Set/cleared by software to enable/disable interrupts from INT1. ET0 IE.1 Enable Timer 0 control software to enable/disable interrupts from timer/ counter 0. EX0 IE.0 Enable External in terrupt 0 control bit. Set/cleared by software to enable/disable interrupts from INT0. המשך בעמוד 7

7 - 7 - (MSB) IP-Interrupt Priority Control Register PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 (LSB) Symbol Position Name and Significance IP.7 (reserved) IP.6 (reserved) IP.5 (reserved) PS IP.4 Serial port Priority control software to specify high/ low priority in terrupts for Serial port. PT1 IP.3 Timer 1 Priority control soft ware to specify high/ low priority interrupts for timer/counter 1. Symbol Position Name and Significance PX1 IP.2 External interrupt 1 Priority control bit. Set/ cleared by software to specify high/low priority interrupts for INT1. PT0 IP.1 Timer 0 Priority control software to specify high/ low priority interrupts for timer/counter 0. PX0 IP.0 External interrupt 0 Priority control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify high/low priority interrupts for INT0. Register Address Function P0 80H* Port 0 SP 81H Stack Pointer DPL 82H Data Pointer (Low) DPH 83H Data Pointer (High) TCON 88H* Timer register TMOD 89H Timer Mode register TL0 8AH Timer 0 Low byte TL1 8BH Timer 1 Low byte TH0 8CH Timer 0 High byte TH1 8DH Timer 1 High byte P1 90H* Port 1 SCON 98H* Serial Port Control register SBUF 99H Serial Port data Buffer P2 0A0H* Port 2 IE 0A8H* Interrupt Enable register P3 0B0H* Port 3 IP 0B8H* Interrupt Priority register PSW 0D0H* Program Status Word ACC 0E0H* Accumulator (direct address) B 0F0H* B register Interrupt Service Rou tine Source Starting Address (Reset) 0000H External H Timer/Counter 0 000BH External H Timer/Counter 1 001BH Serial Port 0023H *=bit addressable register המשך בעמוד 8

8 - 8 - נוסחאון בשפת C של המיקרו בקר 8051 נוסחאון זה מתאים למהדר. Keil uvision3 חלקים ממנו מתאימים גם למהדרים אחרים. Name Description תאור Size Range Data Types )טיפוסי נתונים( bit One Bit ביט בודד 1 bit 0 to 1 char Character or small integer תו בודד או בית 1 byte 128 to 127 unsigned char Unsigned small integer בית אחד ללא סימן 1 byte 0 to 255 int Integer מספר שלם 2 bytes to unsigned int Unsigned integer מספר שלם ללא סימן 2 bytes 0 to long Long integer מספר שלם ארוך 4 bytes to unsigned long מספר שלם ארוך Unsigned long integer ללא סימן 4 bytes 0 to float Floating point number מספר ממשי 4 bytes +/ E 38 to +/ E+38 sbit Special Bit ביט מיוחד 1 bit 0 to 1 sfr sfr16 8 bits special Function Registers 16 bits special Function Registers 1 byte 0 to 255 בית מיוחד 2 bytes 0 to בית כפול מיוחד דוגמאות: unsigned char a; int b, c; sfr P1=0x90; sbit P1_7 = 0x97; המשך בעמוד 9

9 - 9 - Memory Areas )אזורי הזיכרון( Name Description Example data places the variable in directly unsigned int data dnum; addressable RAM in the micro core xdata places the variable in external RAM unsigned char xdata xnum_at_0x8000; * idata places the variable in indirectly int idata inum; addressable memory within the micro core code places the variable in program memory unsigned char code cnum=0xaa; * _at_ places the variable in absolute address. Preprocessor-directives )הנחיות לקדם-מהדר( Description Syntax Example macro definitions #define identifier replacement #define LED P 1_7 Description תאור Operator Assignment השמה = Operators )אופרטורים( Initalization of variables )אתחול משתנים( unsigned char d=0; d=75; // decimal number d=0x4b; // hexadecimal number תחליף - replacement ; מזהה - identifier המשך בעמוד 10

10 Arithmetic Operators )אופרטורים חשבוניים( Description תאור Operator addition חיבור + subtraction חיסור multiplication כפל * division חילוק / modulo שארית % Relational and equality operators )אופרטורים להשוואה ויחסים( Description תאור Operator Equal to שווה = = Not equal to שונה =! Greater than גדול מ < Less than קטן מ > Greater than or equal to גדול מ / שווה = < Less than or equal to קטן מ / שווה = > Logical operators )אופרטורים לוגיים בין ביטויים( Description תאור Operator NOT היפוך! AND וגם && OR או Bitwise Operators )אופרטורים על סיביות( Description תאור Operator AND וגם & Inclusive OR או כולל (XOR) Exclusive OR או מוציא ^ Byte inversion היפוך בית ~ Bit inversion היפוך סיבית! Shift Left הזזה שמאלה >> Shift Right הזזה ימינה << המשך בעמוד 11

11 Description Syntax Example Conditional Structures )מבני בקרה משפטי תנאי( if if.. else if.. else if.. else if (condition) statements ; if (condition) statement ; else statement ; if (condition) statement ; else if (condition) statement ; else statement ; if (d == 100) P1 = 0xFF; if (d == 100) P1 = 0xFF; else P1=0; if (d > 0) P1=4; else if (d < 0) P1=2; else P1=1; הצהרה statement ; תנאי condition המשך בעמוד 12

12 Description Syntax Example Iteration Structures )מבני בקרה - לולאות( while loop do-while loop for loop while (expression) statements ; do statements ; while (condition); for (initialization; condition; increase) statements ; while (n>0) P1=n; n ; do n=p1; while (n!= 0); for (i=0; i<10; i++) P1=i; קידום increase ; אתחול initialization ; הצהרה statement ; תנאי condition המשך בעמוד 13

13 Arrays )מערכים( Description Syntax Example arr הגדרת מערך חד מימדי char type name [number of elements]; char arr[5]; arr אתחול והצבת ערכים במערך char type name [number of elements] = value1,..valuen; char arr[5] = 3,5,7, 1, 14; arr הגדרת מערך דו מימדי arr [1] [3] type name [number of elements] [number of elements]; char arr[3][5]; ערך value ; פרטים elements Structure of a program )מבנה כללי של תוכנית( #include <8051.h> // including headers for the SFR definitions of your microcontroller void main() while(1) //Your code המשך בעמוד 14

14 Functions )פונקציות( Description Syntax Example Functions with no type and no argument Functions with no type void name (void) statements; void name ( parameter1, parameter2,...) statements; void OutData(void) P1=0xAB; void main() OutData(); void OutData(unsigned char a, unsigned char b) P0=a; P1=b; void main() OutData(0xF,0xF0); Functions with type and argument type name ( parameter1, parameter2,...) statements; unsigned char InOutData(unsigned char a) P1=a; return P0; void main() unsigned char r; r = InOutData(63); P2=r; טיעון argument ; טיפוס type ; הצהרה statement ; ערך המועבר לפונקציה parameter המשך בעמוד 15

15 Interrput Service Routines )שגרות לטיפול בפסיקות( Interrupt Number Description Address 0 External INT h 1 Timer 0 000Bh 2 External INT h 3 Timer 1 001Bh 4 Serial port 0023h void int2sub () interrupt 2 דוגמה: // Interrupt code בהצלחה!

Q. Classify the instruction set of 8051 and list out the instructions in each type.

Q. Classify the instruction set of 8051 and list out the instructions in each type. INTRODUCTION Here is a list of the operands and their meanings: A - accumulator; Rn - is one of working registers (R0-R7) in the currently active RAM memory bank; Direct - is any 8-bit address register